# Comprehensive Ancient Greek Grammar Cheat Sheet

## 1. Noun Declensions

### νόμος (law)

| Case | Singular | Plural |
|------|----------|--------|
| Nominative | νόμος (the law) | νόμοι (the laws) |
| Genitive | νόμου (of the law) | νόμων (of the laws) |
| Dative | νόμῳ (to/for the law) | νόμοις (to/for the laws) |
| Accusative | νόμον (the law) | νόμους (the laws) |
| Vocative | νόμε (O law!) | νόμοι (O laws!) |

### ἄμπελος (vine)

| Case | Singular | Plural |
|------|----------|--------|
| Nominative | ἄμπελος (the vine) | ἄμπελοι (the vines) |
| Genitive | ἀμπέλου (of the vine) | ἀμπέλων (of the vines) |
| Dative | ἀμπέλῳ (to/for the vine) | ἀμπέλοις (to/for the vines) |
| Accusative | ἄμπελον (the vine) | ἀμπέλους (the vines) |
| Vocative | ἄμπελε (O vine!) | ἄμπελοι (O vines!) |

### δῶρον (gift)

| Case | Singular | Plural |
|------|----------|--------|
| Nominative | δῶρον (the gift) | δῶρα (the gifts) |
| Genitive | δώρου (of the gift) | δώρων (of the gifts) |
| Dative | δώρῳ (to/for the gift) | δώροις (to/for the gifts) |
| Accusative | δῶρον (the gift) | δῶρα (the gifts) |
| Vocative | δῶρον (O gift!) | δῶρα (O gifts!) |

## 2. Verb Conjugation: παιδεύω (to educate)

### Indicative Present Active

| Person | Singular | Plural |
|--------|----------|--------|
| 1st | παιδεύω (I educate) | παιδεύομεν (we educate) |
| 2nd | παιδεύεις (you educate) | παιδεύετε (you all educate) |
| 3rd | παιδεύει (he/she/it educates) | παιδεύουσιν (they educate) |

### Imperative Present Active

| Person | Singular | Plural |
|--------|----------|--------|
| 2nd | παίδευε (educate!) | παιδεύετε (educate!) |
| 3rd Masculine | παιδευέτω (let him educate) | παιδευέτωσαν (let them educate) |
| 3rd Feminine | παιδευέτω (let her educate) | παιδευέτωσαν (let them educate) |
| 3rd Neuter | παιδευέτω (let it educate) | παιδευέτωσαν (let them educate) |

## 3. Pronouns

### Personal Pronouns (Full Declension)

#### First Person

| Case       | Singular     | Plural       |
| ---------- | ------------ | ------------ |
| Nominative | ἐγώ (I)      | ἡμεῖς (we)   |
| Genitive   | ἐμοῦ (of me) | ἡμῶν (of us) |
| Dative     | ἐμοί (to me) | ἡμῖν (to us) |
| Accusative | ἐμέ (me)     | ἡμᾶς (us)    |

#### Second Person

| Case       | Singular     | Plural            |
| ---------- | ------------ | ----------------- |
| Nominative | σύ (you)     | ὑμεῖς (you all)   |
| Genitive   | σοῦ (of you) | ὑμῶν (of you all) |
| Dative     | σοί (to you) | ὑμῖν (to you all) |
| Accusative | σέ (you)     | ὑμᾶς (you all)    |

### Demonstrative Pronouns

#### οὗτος (this)

| Case       | Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | Neuter Singular  |     |
| ---------- | ------------------ | ----------------- | ---------------- | --- |
| Nominative | οὗτος (this)       | αὕτη (this)       | τοῦτο (this)     |     |
| Genitive   | τούτου (of this)   | ταύτης (of this)  | τούτου (of this) |     |
| Dative     | τούτῳ (to this)    | ταύτῃ (to this)   | τούτῳ (to this)  |     |
| Accusative | τοῦτον (this)      | ταύτην (this)     | τοῦτο (this)     |     |

#### ὅδε (this here)

| Case       | Masculine Singular   | Feminine Singular    | Neuter Singular      |
| ---------- | -------------------- | -------------------- | -------------------- |
| Nominative | ὅδε (this here)      | ἥδε (this here)      | τόδε (this here)     |
| Genitive   | τοῦδε (of this here) | τῆσδε (of this here) | τοῦδε (of this here) |
| Dative     | τῷδε (to this here)  | τῇδε (to this here)  | τῷδε (to this here)  |
| Accusative | τόνδε (this here)    | τήνδε (this here)    | τόδε (this here)     |

### Interrogative Pronouns

| Case       | Masculine/Feminine Singular | Neuter Singular | Masculine/Feminine Plural | Neuter Plural     |
| ---------- | --------------------------- | --------------- | ------------------------- | ----------------- |
| Nominative | τίς (who/which)             | τί (what)       | τίνες (who/which)         | τίνα (what)       |
| Genitive   | τίνος (of who/which)        | τίνος (of what) | τίνων (of who/which)      | τίνων (of what)   |
| Dative     | τίνι (to who/which)         | τίνι (to what)  | τίσι(ν) (to who/which)    | τίσι(ν) (to what) |
| Accusative | τίνα (who/which)            | τί (what)       | τίνας (who/which)         | τίνα (what)       |

### Reflexive Pronouns

| Case       | Masculine           | Feminine            | Neuter             |
| ---------- | ------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------ |
| Nominative | ἑαυτόν (himself)    | ἑαυτήν (herself)    | ἑαυτό (itself)     |
| Genitive   | ἑαυτοῦ (of himself) | ἑαυτῆς (of herself) | ἑαυτοῦ (of itself) |
| Dative     | ἑαυτῷ (to himself)  | ἑαυτῇ (to herself)  | ἑαυτῷ (to itself)  |
| Accusative | ἑαυτόν (himself)    | ἑαυτήν (herself)    | ἑαυτό (itself)     |

## 4. Adjective Declensions

### καλός ("beautiful")

#### Masculine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|------|----------|--------|
| Nominative | καλός ("beautiful") | καλοί ("beautiful") |
| Genitive | καλοῦ ("of beautiful") | καλῶν ("of beautiful") |
| Dative | καλῷ ("to/for beautiful") | καλοῖς ("to/for beautiful") |
| Accusative | καλόν ("beautiful") | καλούς ("beautiful") |
| Vocative | καλέ ("O beautiful!") | καλοί ("O beautiful!") |

#### Feminine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|------|----------|--------|
| Nominative | καλή ("beautiful") | καλαί ("beautiful") |
| Genitive | καλῆς ("of beautiful") | καλῶν ("of beautiful") |
| Dative | καλῇ ("to/for beautiful") | καλαῖς ("to/for beautiful") |
| Accusative | καλήν ("beautiful") | καλάς ("beautiful") |
| Vocative | καλή ("O beautiful!") | καλαί ("O beautiful!") |

#### Neuter
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|------|----------|--------|
| Nominative | καλόν ("beautiful") | καλά ("beautiful") |
| Genitive | καλοῦ ("of beautiful") | καλῶν ("of beautiful") |
| Dative | καλῷ ("to/for beautiful") | καλοῖς ("to/for beautiful") |
| Accusative | καλόν ("beautiful") | καλά ("beautiful") |
| Vocative | καλόν ("O beautiful!") | καλά ("O beautiful!") |