145 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
145 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
# Comprehensive Ancient Greek Grammar Cheat Sheet
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## 1. Noun Declensions
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### νόμος (law)
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| Case | Singular | Plural |
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|------|----------|--------|
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| Nominative | νόμος (the law) | νόμοι (the laws) |
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| Genitive | νόμου (of the law) | νόμων (of the laws) |
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| Dative | νόμῳ (to/for the law) | νόμοις (to/for the laws) |
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| Accusative | νόμον (the law) | νόμους (the laws) |
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| Vocative | νόμε (O law!) | νόμοι (O laws!) |
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### ἄμπελος (vine)
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| Case | Singular | Plural |
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|------|----------|--------|
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| Nominative | ἄμπελος (the vine) | ἄμπελοι (the vines) |
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| Genitive | ἀμπέλου (of the vine) | ἀμπέλων (of the vines) |
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| Dative | ἀμπέλῳ (to/for the vine) | ἀμπέλοις (to/for the vines) |
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| Accusative | ἄμπελον (the vine) | ἀμπέλους (the vines) |
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| Vocative | ἄμπελε (O vine!) | ἄμπελοι (O vines!) |
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### δῶρον (gift)
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| Case | Singular | Plural |
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|------|----------|--------|
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| Nominative | δῶρον (the gift) | δῶρα (the gifts) |
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| Genitive | δώρου (of the gift) | δώρων (of the gifts) |
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| Dative | δώρῳ (to/for the gift) | δώροις (to/for the gifts) |
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| Accusative | δῶρον (the gift) | δῶρα (the gifts) |
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| Vocative | δῶρον (O gift!) | δῶρα (O gifts!) |
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## 2. Verb Conjugation: παιδεύω (to educate)
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### Indicative Present Active
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| Person | Singular | Plural |
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|--------|----------|--------|
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| 1st | παιδεύω (I educate) | παιδεύομεν (we educate) |
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| 2nd | παιδεύεις (you educate) | παιδεύετε (you all educate) |
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| 3rd | παιδεύει (he/she/it educates) | παιδεύουσιν (they educate) |
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### Imperative Present Active
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| Person | Singular | Plural |
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|--------|----------|--------|
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| 2nd | παίδευε (educate!) | παιδεύετε (educate!) |
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| 3rd Masculine | παιδευέτω (let him educate) | παιδευέτωσαν (let them educate) |
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| 3rd Feminine | παιδευέτω (let her educate) | παιδευέτωσαν (let them educate) |
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| 3rd Neuter | παιδευέτω (let it educate) | παιδευέτωσαν (let them educate) |
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## 3. Pronouns
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### Personal Pronouns (Full Declension)
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#### First Person
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| Case | Singular | Plural |
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| ---------- | ------------ | ------------ |
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| Nominative | ἐγώ (I) | ἡμεῖς (we) |
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| Genitive | ἐμοῦ (of me) | ἡμῶν (of us) |
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| Dative | ἐμοί (to me) | ἡμῖν (to us) |
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| Accusative | ἐμέ (me) | ἡμᾶς (us) |
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#### Second Person
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| Case | Singular | Plural |
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| ---------- | ------------ | ----------------- |
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| Nominative | σύ (you) | ὑμεῖς (you all) |
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| Genitive | σοῦ (of you) | ὑμῶν (of you all) |
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| Dative | σοί (to you) | ὑμῖν (to you all) |
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| Accusative | σέ (you) | ὑμᾶς (you all) |
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### Demonstrative Pronouns
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#### οὗτος (this)
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| Case | Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | Neuter Singular | |
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| ---------- | ------------------ | ----------------- | ---------------- | --- |
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| Nominative | οὗτος (this) | αὕτη (this) | τοῦτο (this) | |
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| Genitive | τούτου (of this) | ταύτης (of this) | τούτου (of this) | |
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| Dative | τούτῳ (to this) | ταύτῃ (to this) | τούτῳ (to this) | |
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| Accusative | τοῦτον (this) | ταύτην (this) | τοῦτο (this) | |
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#### ὅδε (this here)
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| Case | Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | Neuter Singular |
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| ---------- | -------------------- | -------------------- | -------------------- |
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| Nominative | ὅδε (this here) | ἥδε (this here) | τόδε (this here) |
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| Genitive | τοῦδε (of this here) | τῆσδε (of this here) | τοῦδε (of this here) |
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| Dative | τῷδε (to this here) | τῇδε (to this here) | τῷδε (to this here) |
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| Accusative | τόνδε (this here) | τήνδε (this here) | τόδε (this here) |
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### Interrogative Pronouns
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| Case | Masculine/Feminine Singular | Neuter Singular | Masculine/Feminine Plural | Neuter Plural |
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| ---------- | --------------------------- | --------------- | ------------------------- | ----------------- |
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| Nominative | τίς (who/which) | τί (what) | τίνες (who/which) | τίνα (what) |
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| Genitive | τίνος (of who/which) | τίνος (of what) | τίνων (of who/which) | τίνων (of what) |
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| Dative | τίνι (to who/which) | τίνι (to what) | τίσι(ν) (to who/which) | τίσι(ν) (to what) |
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| Accusative | τίνα (who/which) | τί (what) | τίνας (who/which) | τίνα (what) |
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### Reflexive Pronouns
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| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| ---------- | ------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------ |
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| Nominative | ἑαυτόν (himself) | ἑαυτήν (herself) | ἑαυτό (itself) |
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| Genitive | ἑαυτοῦ (of himself) | ἑαυτῆς (of herself) | ἑαυτοῦ (of itself) |
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| Dative | ἑαυτῷ (to himself) | ἑαυτῇ (to herself) | ἑαυτῷ (to itself) |
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| Accusative | ἑαυτόν (himself) | ἑαυτήν (herself) | ἑαυτό (itself) |
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## 4. Adjective Declensions
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### καλός ("beautiful")
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#### Masculine
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| Case | Singular | Plural |
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|------|----------|--------|
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| Nominative | καλός ("beautiful") | καλοί ("beautiful") |
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| Genitive | καλοῦ ("of beautiful") | καλῶν ("of beautiful") |
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| Dative | καλῷ ("to/for beautiful") | καλοῖς ("to/for beautiful") |
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| Accusative | καλόν ("beautiful") | καλούς ("beautiful") |
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| Vocative | καλέ ("O beautiful!") | καλοί ("O beautiful!") |
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#### Feminine
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| Case | Singular | Plural |
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|------|----------|--------|
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| Nominative | καλή ("beautiful") | καλαί ("beautiful") |
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| Genitive | καλῆς ("of beautiful") | καλῶν ("of beautiful") |
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| Dative | καλῇ ("to/for beautiful") | καλαῖς ("to/for beautiful") |
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| Accusative | καλήν ("beautiful") | καλάς ("beautiful") |
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| Vocative | καλή ("O beautiful!") | καλαί ("O beautiful!") |
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#### Neuter
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| Case | Singular | Plural |
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|------|----------|--------|
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| Nominative | καλόν ("beautiful") | καλά ("beautiful") |
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| Genitive | καλοῦ ("of beautiful") | καλῶν ("of beautiful") |
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| Dative | καλῷ ("to/for beautiful") | καλοῖς ("to/for beautiful") |
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| Accusative | καλόν ("beautiful") | καλά ("beautiful") |
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| Vocative | καλόν ("O beautiful!") | καλά ("O beautiful!") |
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